A bunion, medically known as hallux valgus, is a common foot problem that affects the joint at the base of the big toe. The condition occurs when the joint on the side of the big toe sticks out and forms a bony bump because it typically shifts toward the smaller toes. Though the condition may seem inconsequential, it leads to foot pain, discomfort, and difficulty walking if not treated properly.
What is a bunion (hallux valgus)?
A bunion is a foot deformity where the big toe leans toward the second toe. This misalignment causes the metatarsal bone at the base of the big toe to stick out, creating a visible bump. Over time, the deformity can worsen and lead to increased pain and discomfort. It may even make it difficult to find comfortable shoes to walk in.
What causes bunions?
A few factors can lead to the development of bunions.
They are:
- Ill-fitting shoes. Shoes that are too tight or have a narrow toe box put pressure on the toes and can lead to the formation of bunions. Overworn high heels can also be a contributing factor.
- Genetics. Bunions can run in families, so it is possible that hallux valgus may be hereditary.
- Foot deformities. People with flat feet or abnormal foot structure may be more prone to developing bunions.
- Medical conditions. Conditions like arthritis can weaken the foot joints and lead to bunions.
What are the symptoms of bunions?
The symptoms of bunions can include:
- Pain and swelling around the big toe joint
- A visible bump on the side of the foot
- Redness or soreness in the affected area
- Foot pain that worsens with walking or standing
- Difficulty wearing shoes, especially those with a narrow-toe box
- Stiffness in the big toe joint
Left untreated, the foot deformity can worsen over time, causing chronic pain and discomfort.
How are bunions treated?
There are several non-surgical ways to treat bunions and manage the pain they cause.
Treatment options include:
- Custom orthotic devices to realign the foot and reduce pressure on the metatarsal bone
- Bunion padding to cushion the affected area and relieve pain
- Wearing shoes with a wide toe box to avoid putting pressure on the bunion
- Applying an ice pack to reduce pain and swelling
- Over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications
- Physical therapy exercises to improve foot strength and flexibility
When is surgery recommended for bunions?
When non-surgical treatments are no longer effective, your doctor may recommend surgery.
The surgical options include:
- Osteotomy: cutting and realigning the bone to correct the foot deformity
- Arthrodesis: fusing the joint to prevent further damage and misalignment
- Exostectomy: removing the bony bump while leaving the joint intact
What is the recovery process like after bunion surgery?
The recovery process will be different depending on the surgical procedure. It generally takes anywhere from six weeks to several months to fully recover. During recovery, you may need to wear a protective boot or use crutches to prevent putting too much weight on the foot, follow a physical therapy program, and avoid wearing tight or ill-fitting shoes.
Be sure to follow your doctor’s instructions to ensure proper healing and avoid complications.
Can bunions be prevented?
While it is not always possible to prevent bunions, these steps will reduce the risk of developing them:
- Wear shoes with a wide toe box
- Avoid high heels or shoes that squeeze your toes
- Use custom orthotic devices
- Stretch and strengthen your feet through physical therapy exercises
Are bunions hereditary?
Bunion hallux can be hereditary. If you know someone with hallux valgus in your family, be sure to follow the recommendations to avoid bunions at all costs.
What complications can arise from untreated bunions?
- Chronic foot pain
- Development of fluid-filled sacs (bursitis) around the bunion
- Increased arthritis in the big toe joint
- Misalignment of the smaller toes, leading to claw toes or hammertoes
How do I know if I have a bunion?
The most obvious way to know if you have a bunion is if you notice a bony bump on the side of your foot near the base of the big toe. Pain and discomfort usually follow a bunion. It may also be assessed whether you have a bunion or not to ask for an X-ray exam. The best you can do is early detection, learning how to effectively manage the bunion and avoid serious complications.
Treatment for Bunions at Pongratz
Ensuring your treatment of bunions is something we can help with at Pongratz. We want to help you deal with any pain or discomfort that comes from bunions by providing you with customized orthotics. Reach out to us today!
